2011年夏威夷APEC领导人非正式会议宣言(全文)

 

2011年夏威夷APEC领导人非正式会议宣言(全文)
　　推进区域经济一体化
　　1993年，美国在西雅图附近的布雷克岛举办了首届APEC首脑会议，APEC领导人盛赞亚太地区在全球经济中的话语权上升。今天，我们集聚太平洋(8.50,0.03,0.35%)的心脏--火奴鲁鲁，APEC各国首脑一起关注这个经济表现甚至好于最乐观预期的地区。亚太地区如今是全球经济增长的先锋，这是我们通过坚定不移地执行APEC地区经济整合、实现贸易和投资自由开放化的茂物目标所达成的结果。
　　我们此次聚会正值全球经济充满不确定因素之际。许多国家的经济增长与创造就业能力有所削弱，经济下行风险依然很大，包括欧洲金融危机及亚太地区自然灾难接连不断带来的诸多挑战。
　　这些挑战只会加强我们共同合作的信念。我们在《横滨宣言》中决心要支持亚太地区与全球经济的强劲、可持续及均衡增长。
　　我们认识到，扩大贸易自由化对于继2008年-2009年全球经济大衰退之后实现全球经济的可持续复苏至关重要。我们深切担忧“多哈发展协议”中面临的谈判僵局，事实上多哈协议的所有内容不太可能在近期完成谈判。如果我们一如既往地进行谈判，我们将无法完成“多哈发展协议”，但我们当中没有人会放弃朝着多哈最终协议的方向努力。我们指示官员们在即将召开的世贸组织部长级会议上跳出多哈协议本身，以全新的思考角度与决心开始寻找可靠的新方法。这些方法包括可能根据临时或最终达成的共识推进多哈协议中的部分内容。
　　在APEC经济体及其他国家继续应对不断变化的各种挑战与机遇之际，WTO对发展的推动作用至关重要，发展仍将是第一要务。
　　我们重申承诺将通过禁止追加新的贸易壁垒来抵制贸易保护主义，并将此承诺延长至2015年底。我们敦促WTO成员国在2011年12月召开的第八届部长级会议上进一步发展APEC关于反对保护主义所达成的承诺。我们请APEC各国的贸易部长利用2012年的喀山会议之机评估WTO推动多哈发展协议的方式。我们期待俄罗斯能在即将到来的WTO部长级会议上完成入世谈判。
　　今年的APEC会议上，我们承诺将采取具体行动，推动区域经济走向一体化，为所有人的利益将我们各经济体与市场紧密地联系在一起。
　　加强地区经济整合和扩大贸易
　　APEC的核心任务依然是进一步整合我们各经济体、扩大我们之间的贸易。我们集聚在APEC会议，就是为了争取实现这些目标，认识到贸易与投资对所有经济体创造就业和经济繁荣至关重要。我们进一步确认，加强地区经济整合在促进地区和平与稳定方面也发挥着关键作用。
　　2011年，我们通过签订贸易协定、建立亚太自由贸易区等方式来解决下一代贸易及投资问题，从而推进上述目标的实现，其中亚太自由贸易区是加强APEC地区经济一体化的重要工具之一。具体而言，我们将提出一套倡导有效、非歧视性、由市场主导的创新政策，为APEC地区设立一个创新模式，以提高生产率、确保经济增长(详见附件A)。我们还决定加强各地区之间的合作，其中可能包括加强中小企业参与全球生产链的贸易协定。
　　此外，我们将采取以下行动，进一步开放市场，为地区间贸易提供便利：
　　·在各国建立豁免低额产品关税的最低价值标准，免除低价值货物的关税，简化入关商品文书要求，这是我们到2015年实现APEC地区供应链绩效提高10%目标的关键举措之一。
　　·采取具体行动，应对中小企业在地区贸易中面临的主要壁垒，以提高这些企业对促进各国经济增长与创造就业方面的能力。
　　·带头启动旨在扩大WTO信息技术协议的产品覆盖面及成员资格的谈判，以促进APEC经济体之间的贸易投资和促进创新。
　　·启动APEC旅游便利计划，探求让区域内旅行更快、更便利、更安全的方法；
　　·在2015年前实施APEC新的结构性改革战略，以减少境内壁垒，促进均衡、可兼容且可持续的经济增长。
　　·实施APEC跨境隐私规则体系，以减少信息流动的壁垒，加强消费者隐私，促进跨地区数据隐私机制之间的互通操作性。
　　·实施有关食品安全的《新潟宣言》，重申我们对禁止追加新贸易壁垒的承诺，这是APEC首脑在2008年首次作出的决议，该决议适用于出口限制及其他有违WTO规则的贸易举措；
　　·通过开放航空货运服务市场，促进商业发展和经济增长。
　　促进绿色成长
　　我们致力于推进我们所分担的绿色成长目标。我们能够也必须面对亚太区域的经济与环境方面的挑战，通过提高能源安全并创立新的经济成长与就业资源来加速向全球性的低碳经济过渡。
　　我们在2011年在实现这些目标方面取得了巨大进步。成员国将在2012年开列一份环保产品清单，这些产品可直接或间接促进绿色成长以及可持续发展目标，考虑到各国经济形势并对各国在世界贸易组织中的地位不报偏见，我们决心在2015年底之前将实际关税降至5%甚至更低。
　　各成员国还应取消非关税障碍，比如扭曲环境产品与服务的各种地方法规(见附录C)。实施这些具体的措施将可帮助我们的企业与市民能够以低价获得重要环保技术，以使他们能够方便使用这些技术，这将为亚太经济合作组织实现可持续发展目标做出巨大贡献。
　　我们还将实施以下措施来促进我们的绿色成长目标：
　　·对低效的化石燃料补贴实施配额并逐步取消补贴，因为补贴鼓励浪费。但我们也承认向需要能源服务的企业提供补贴是重要的，我们将建立一个自愿报告机制，并每年对这一机制进行审查；
　　·我们将努力将亚太经济合作组织能源密度总和在2035年前减少45%；
　　·通过采取与交通、建筑、电网、就业、知识分享与教育相关具体措施来支持高效低碳社区以便提高能源效率；
　　·将低排放发展战略整合至我们的经济成长计划，将努力促进这一计划的实施，包括建立低碳模范城镇等项目；以及其他低排放的发展战略；
　　·实施合适的措施来阻止非法采伐森林产品，采取额外措施对抗非法伐木搬运与相关产业。
　　联合监管与合作
　　监管改革，包括取消不公平的负担以及不全时宜法规，能够促进生产率提高并创造就业，还可以保护环境、公共健康与安全。此外，由于贸易与投资日益全球化，监管的调整，包括与国际标准靠拢，是十分必要的，可以阻止不需要的贸易壁垒对经济与就业的伤害。
　　我们今年在实现这些目标方面取得了成绩，我们将在2013年实施具体措施来进行监管，包括在监管网络内部确保内部协调；评估监管冲击；并进行公共咨询。
　　我们还将实施以下步骤来加强我们监管系统的联合与合作：
　　·追求共同目标来阻止新兴绿色技术的贸易障碍 ，包括智能电网通用标准，绿色建筑以及太阳能技术；
　　·加强食品安全系统并使贸易更便利，包括支持“全球食品安全基金”，该基金是与世界银行共同建立的创新性组织；
　　·通过加强亚太经济合作组织内部合作来确保亚太经济合作组织在2014年前反腐败与建立公开政府方面的承诺。
　　展望
　　为促进区域内部的成长，我们将采取具体措施为各成员国的妇女提供更多的经济机会。我们对旧金山有关妇女与经济的宣言持欢迎态度并承诺监督执行情况。
　　我们非常感谢亚太经济合作组织商业顾问委员会(ABAC)对我们工作的帮助。我们认识到私营企业是贸易、投资与创新的引擎。我们将继续致力于向私营部门能够发挥更大的作用，为此，我们将在工作组中加入更多相关内容，并建立一个新的公共-私营政策合作关系。向区域内受自然灾害影响的人民表达友爱。我们承诺让私营部门与公民社团更多地参与到我们的危机预防计划之中，以便建立更为稳固的社区与企业。
　　由于亚太经济合作组织成员国的经历与系统存在差异，我们重申要通过有效经济与技术合作来实现一个无缝的区域经济。
　　我们已经取得了巨大进步。但我们建立真正无缝区域经济的工作仅仅处于开始阶段。我们要求我们的部长与官员继续贯彻这一工作，并加强我们所共享的亚太区域的经济基础。我们期待着在召开2012年俄罗斯亚太经济合作组织会议时能够看到我们又取得了新的进步。
　　以下是宣言英文版全文：
　　19th APEC ECONOMIC LEADERS' MEETING
　　Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
　　November 12-13, 2011
　　"THE HONOLULU DECLARATION – TOWARD A SEAMLESS REGIONAL ECONOMY"
　　In 1993, when the United States hosted the first Leaders’ Meeting on Blake Island near Seattle, APEC Leaders hailed the rise of the Asia-Pacific’s voice in the global economy.  Today, as we gather in Honolulu, in the heart of the Pacific, APEC Leaders look out on a region that is performing beyond even the most optimistic expectations.  Our region is now the vanguard for global growth, a status that we have achieved through a steady commitment to the APEC mission of regional economic integration and to the Bogor Goals of free and open trade and investment。
　　We meet at a time of uncertainty for the global economy.  Growth and job creation have weakened in many economies, and significant downside risks remain, including those arising from the financial challenges in Europe and a succession of natural disasters in our region。
　　These challenges have only strengthened our commitment to cooperation as the way forward.  Building on the Yokohama Vision, we firmly resolve to support the strong, sustained, and balanced growth of the regional and global economy. 
　　We recognize that further trade liberalization is essential to achieving a sustainable global recovery in the aftermath of the global recession of 2008-2009. 
　　We have deep concerns regarding the impasse confronting the Doha Development Agenda (DDA)， and the reality is that a conclusion of all elements of the Doha agenda is unlikely in the near future.  We will not complete the DDA if we continue to conduct negotiations as we have in the past, but none of us intends to abandon efforts that would allow for better progress toward the ultimate conclusion of the DDA.  We instruct officials to approach the upcoming WTO Ministerial Conference and negotiations beyond it with a view to fresh thinking and a determination to begin exploring fresh and credible approaches.  These include possibilities that involve advancing specific parts of the Doha agenda where consensus might be reached on a provisional or definitive basis.   
　　As our economies and others continue to address evolving challenges and opportunities, it will be important for the WTO to contribute, with development as a continuing priority. 
　　We reaffirm our pledge against protectionism through a standstill and extend this commitment through the end of 2015.  We urge WTO Members meeting at the Eighth Ministerial Conference in December 2011 to build on the commitment made at APEC through agreement on an anti-protectionist pledge.  We direct APEC Ministers Responsible for Trade to use the 2012 meeting in Kazan to assess ways to promote progress on the DDA in the WTO.  We look forward to the conclusion of Russia’s WTO accession process at the upcoming WTO Ministerial Conference。
　　In APEC this year, we have committed to taking concrete steps toward a seamless regional economy, in order to link our economies and markets ever closer together, to the benefit of all。
　　Strengthening Regional Economic Integration and Expanding Trade
　　APEC’s core mission continues to be further integration of our economies and expansion of trade among us.  We come together in APEC to pursue these goals, recognizing that trade and investment are critical to job creation and greater economic prosperity for all our economies.  We further recognize that strengthening regional economic integration also plays a key role in promoting regional peace and stability。
　　We have pursued these objectives in 2011 by addressing next-generation trade and investment issues, including through our trade agreements and a Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific, which is a major instrument to further APEC’s regional economic integration agenda.  Specifically, we will advance a set of policies to promote effective, non-discriminatory, and market-driven innovation policy to set a model for innovation in the region as the best path toward fostering innovations that will increase productivity and ensure economic growth (see Annex A).  We also decided on areas of cooperation that could be included in our trade agreements to enhance the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in global production chains (see Annex B)。
　　In addition, we will take the following steps to further open markets and facilitate regional trade:
　　·Establish commercially useful de minimis values in our economies that will exempt low-value shipments from customs duties and streamline entry documentation requirements, as a key contribution to our goal of an APEC-wide 10 percent improvement in supply-chain performance by 2015;
　　·Undertake specific actions to address the top barriers that SMEs face in trading in the region to boost the capacity of these companies to contribute to economic growth and job creation in our economies;
　　·Play a leadership role in launching negotiations to expand the product coverage and membership of the WTO Information Technology Agreement, in order to build on the contribution this Agreement has made to promoting trade and investment and driving innovation in APEC economies;
　　·Launch the APEC Travel Facilitation Initiative to explore ways to make travel in the region faster, easier, and more secure;
　　·Implement our APEC New Strategy for Structural Reform plans by 2015 in order to reduce behind-the-border barriers and promote balanced, inclusive, and sustainable growth;
　　·Implement the APEC Cross Border Privacy Rules System to reduce barriers to information flows, enhance consumer privacy, and promote interoperability across regional data privacy regimes;
　　·Implement the Niigata Declaration on Food Security, and reaffirm our commitment to a standstill, first made by APEC Leaders in 2008, as it pertains to export restrictions and other WTO-inconsistent trade measures; and
　　·Facilitate commerce and promote economic growth by pursuing liberalization of air cargo services。
　　Promoting Green Growth
　　We are committed to advancing our shared green growth objectives. 
　　We can and must address both the region’s economic and environmental challenges by speeding the transition toward a global low-carbon economy in a way that enhances energy security and creates new sources of economic growth and employment. 
　　We have advanced these objectives significantly in 2011. 
　　In 2012, economies will work to develop an APEC list of environmental goods that directly and positively contribute to our green growth and sustainable development objectives, on which we are resolved to reduce by the end of 2015 our applied tariff rates to 5% or less, taking into account economies’ economic circumstances, without prejudice to APEC economies’ positions in the WTO.  Economies will also eliminate non-tariff barriers, including local content requirements that distort environmental goods and services trade (see Annex C).  Taking these concrete actions will help our businesses and citizens access important environmental technologies at lower costs, which in turn will facilitate their use, contributing significantly to APEC’s sustainable development goals. 
　　We will also take the following steps to promote our green growth goals:
　　·Rationalize and phase out inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption,
　　while recognizing the importance of providing those in need with essential energy services, and set up a voluntary reporting mechanism on progress, which we will review annually;
　　·Aspire to reduce APEC's aggregate energy intensity by 45 percent by 2035;
　　·Promote energy efficiency by taking specific steps related to transport, buildings, power grids, jobs, knowledge sharing, and education in support of energy-smart low-carbon communities;
　　·Incorporate low-emissions development strategies into our economic growth plans and leverage APEC to push forward this agenda, including through the Low-Carbon Model Town and other projects; and
　　·Work to implement appropriate measures to prohibit trade in illegally harvested forest products and undertake additional activities in APEC to combat illegal logging and associated trade。
　　Regulatory Convergence and Cooperation
　　Regulatory reform, including eliminating unjustifiably burdensome and outdated regulations, can boost productivity and promote job creation, while also protecting the environment and public health, safety, and security. In addition, as trade and investment flows become more globalized, greater alignment in regulatory approaches, including to international standards, is necessary to prevent needless barriers to trade from stifling economic growth and employment. 
　　This year, we have advanced these objectives by committing to take specific steps by 2013 to implement good regulatory practices in our economies, including by ensuring internal coordination of regulatory work; assessing regulatory impacts; and conducting public consultation (see Annex D)。
　　We will also take the following steps to increase convergence and cooperation in our regulatory systems:
　　·Pursue common objectives to prevent technical barriers to trade related to emerging green technologies, including smart grid interoperability standards, green buildings, and solar technologies;
　　·Strengthen food safety systems and facilitate trade, including by supporting the Global Food Safety Fund – an innovative capacity-building partnership with the World Bank; and
　　·Ensure implementation of our APEC anti-corruption and open government commitments by 2014 through deeper cooperation in APEC. 
　　Looking Forward
　　To promote strong, inclusive regional growth, we commit to take concrete actions to expand economic opportunities for women in APEC economies.  We welcome the San Francisco Declaration on Women and the Economy and pledge to monitor its implementation。
　　We applaud the contributions of the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC) to our work.  Recognizing that private enterprise is the engine of trade, investment, and innovation, we have committed ourselves to enhancing the role of the private sector in APEC, through greater input into APEC’s working groups and the establishment of new public-private Policy Partnerships.  Expressing solidarity with the people affected by tragic natural disasters, we pledge to incorporate the private sector and civil society more substantively into our emergency preparedness efforts, as a critical piece of our efforts to build more resilient communities and businesses。
　　Recognizing the range of experiences and systems across APEC economies, we reaffirm the importance of supporting our ambitious vision for a seamless regional economy through our abiding commitment to delivering effective economic and technical cooperation. 
　　Enormous progress has been made.  But our work toward a truly seamless regional economy is only in the beginning stages. 
　　We instruct our ministers and officials to carry forward this work and to strengthen the economic foundation of our shared Asia-Pacific community.  We look forward to reviewing further progress when we convene again during Russia’s hosting of APEC in 2012.