THE 21ST APEC ECONOMIC LEADERS' DECLARATION

Bali, Indonesia,  October 8, 2013

Bali Declaration  Resilient Asia-Pacific, Engine of Global Growth

1. We, the APEC Leaders, gathered in Bali, Indonesia to demonstrate resolute leadership in the Asia-Pacific region under the theme of “Resilient Asia-Pacific, Engine of Global Growth”.

2. The past 19 years of determination and persistent labor towards the attainment of free and open trade under the Bogor Goals have produced an extraordinary period of prosperity in the Asia-Pacific. The rules-based multilateral trading system and our shared belief in open regionalism have lifted hundreds of millions out of poverty across the entire region and fostered open, emerging and innovative economies that are now fueling our growth.

3. We have taken a number of important policy actions that have helped to contain key tail risks, improve financial market conditions and sustain recovery. Nevertheless, global growth is too weak, risks remain tilted to the downside, global trade is weakening and the economic outlook suggests growth is likely to be slower and less balanced than desired. We share the urgency for region-wide partnership to create better quality and more productive jobs, attract private investment, reduce poverty, and improve living standards. We recognize the need to strengthen macroeconomic policies and to work together to promote sustainable and inclusive growth in the Asia-Pacific region. We will implement prudent and responsible macroeconomic policies to ensure mutually reinforcing effect of growth and to maintain economic and financial stability in the region, and prevent negative spillover effect.

4. While trade growth and investment flows within the APEC region have outperformed the rest of the world, we should nevertheless guard against the pressure to raise new trade and investment barriers. To that end, we extended our standstill commitment until the end of 2016 and reaffirmed our pledge to roll back protectionist and trade-distorting measures. We committed to take decisive actions to reinforce confidence, foster financial stability, and strengthen our medium-term growth potential, while remaining vigilant in our joint effort to strengthen global recovery and to ensure a balanced, inclusive, sustainable, innovative, and secure growth, as espoused in the Yokohama vision.

5. As our region increasingly becomes the main engine of global growth, we are called by the duty to look ahead, to adapt to our changing needs, and to reinvigorate the path toward progress in the Asia-Pacific. We will continue our collective commitment to strengthening and deepening regional economic integration and to eliminate barriers to international trade and investment in the region. We will pursue greater connectivity to break new ground, help economies to create better quality and more productive jobs and marshal purposeful partnerships for the future.

6. We reaffirm our commitment to achieve a Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP), including by continuing APEC's work to provide leadership and intellectual input into the process of regional economic integration. APEC has an important role to play in coordinating information sharing, transparency, and capacity building, and will hold a policy dialogue on regional RTAs/FTAs. We agreed to enhance communication among regional RTAs/FTAs, as well as increase the capacity of APEC economies to engage in substantive negotiations.

7. We will turn these commitments into prosperity and opportunity, and in doing so, we committed to take the following specific actions:

Supporting the Multilateral Trading System and Attaining the Bogor Goals

8. Realizing that the Doha Development Agenda negotiations are at a critical juncture, with significance for the broader multilateral system, we have issued a separate statement supporting the multilateral trading system and the 9th Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization.

9. Recognizing that trade and investment are critical to the creation of better quality jobs and increased prosperity of our people, we reiterated our commitment to uphold APEC's role towards achieving the Bogor Goals of free and open trade and investment by 2020.

10. In addition, in order to link our economies and markets ever closer together, we:

a. Will advance implementation of our commitment to reduce tariffs on the APEC List of Environmental Goods (EGs) to five percent or less by the end of 2015;

b. Established the APEC Public Private Partnership on Environmental Goods and Services (PPEGS) to enhance our work to address trade and investment issues relevant to this sector;

c. Will explore trade in products that contribute to sustainable and inclusive growth through rural development and poverty alleviation;

d. Acknowledged the work this year on local content requirements and welcomed the APEC Best Practices to Create Jobs and Increase Competitiveness;

e. Will continue to implement the APEC Investment Facilitation Action Plan, including by advancing Public Private Dialogue on Investment and encourage officials to work with the private sector to build and improve upon Corporate Social Responsibility practices and sustainable investment;

f. Will advance actions to address the next generation trade and investment issues as agreed in 2011 and 2012, including by finalizing the APEC Innovation and Trade Implementation Practices, as soon as possible; and

g. Will foster broader participation of the private sector in advancing trade in services to create better quality and more productive jobs, and increase the productivity of our industries.

Promoting Connectivity

11. Recognizing the increasing need for more efficient flow of goods, services, capital and people, we will shape the strategic landscape of our region through a long-term commitment that will accelerate our physical, institutional, and people-to-people connectivity.

12. As part of our work to achieve the Bogor Goals by 2020 and the Yokohama Vision of “Bogor and Beyond”, we aspire to achieve a seamlessly and comprehensively connected and integrated Asia Pacific. We envision a blueprint that will accelerate and encourage balanced, secure and inclusive growth, as well as connect growth poles in the region, through means such as strengthening regional quality transportation networks, reducing transaction costs, and making our region more competitive and cohesive. As a way forward, we will carry on specific measures as contained in Annex A.

13. Under Physical Connectivity, we commit to cooperate in developing, maintaining and renewing our physical infrastructure through a Multi-year Plan on Infrastructure Development and Investment. The Plan will assist APEC Economies to improve the investment climate, promote public-private partnerships, and enhance government capacity and coordination in preparing, planning, prioritizing, structuring and executing infrastructure projects. As a first step under this Plan, we agreed to establish an APEC Experts Advisory Panel and a pilot Public Private Partnership (PPP) Centre in Indonesia. We encourage efforts to promote efficient allocation of global capital and to explore and improve infrastructure financing, involving government, private sector and international institutions. Specific actions to promote infrastructure development and investment are laid out in Annex B. We will also:

a. accelerate our work to achieve a 10% improvement in supply-chain performance by 2015 in terms of time, cost, and uncertainty, while taking into consideration individual economy’s circumstances, including by advancing the systematic approach to improving supply chain performance;

b. instruct officials to develop a capacity-building plan to assist economies, particularly developing economies, in overcoming specific obstacles they face in enhancing supply chain performance; and

c. establish the APEC Trade and Investment Liberalization Sub-Fund on Supply Chain Connectivity and encourage contributions of necessary resources to execute this capacity-building plan.

14. Under Institutional Connectivity, we will

a. advance our 2010 APEC New Strategy for Structural Reform (ANSSR), including by promoting fiscal transparency and public accountability which will strengthen our ultimate aim of fostering transparency and competition, and creating better functioning markets;

b. take specific actions to develop, use or strengthen the implementation of the three Good Regulatory Practices we identified in 2011, and note three optional tools used by some economies to help achieve this goal including 1) single online locations for regulatory information; 2) prospective regulatory planning; 3) periodic reviews of existing regulation;

c. progress our 2012 commitment to promote cross-border education that creates opportunities for our people, on a voluntary basis consistent with individual economies’ circumstances, to access education and training services, strengthen regional ties, contribute to the creation of better quality jobs, bolster productivity growth and further promote economic growth through actionable cooperation; and

d. promote global value chain development and cooperation in APEC region on the basis of previous work on connectivity.

15. Under People-to-people Connectivity, we will

a. endorse the target of 1 million intra-APEC university-level students per year by 2020, as well as support further work that will enhance the mobility of students, researchers, and education providers, and the network of existing bilateral agreements;

b. progress work on the Travel Facilitation Initiative as a way to promote tourism and facilitate business, by making travel more accessible, convenient and more efficient while also safe and secure; and

c. develop programs that will encourage greater and regular involvement of youth in APEC, so as to foster a sense of community and shared responsibility to contribute to the growth of Asia-Pacific region.

Sustainable Growth with Equity

16. Taking into account the current condition of the global economy, we focused on an agenda that is geared to bridge the development gap and maintain our path of sustainable growth with equity. We commit to implement workable solutions that will increase resilience, sustain growth and decrease disparity, while improving the welfare of the people in the Asia-Pacific region.

17. We agreed to take further steps toward empowering, engaging and opening opportunities for our stakeholders to fully participate in our economic growth, by considering the following concrete actions:

a. expand women’s participation in the economy by creating an enabling environment such as through the development of gender related structural reform measures, improved ICT training support, as well as the development of entrepreneurial culture, equal access to quality education and employment opportunities and greater access to market and financial services including capital, particularly for women-owned SMEs;

b. enhance our SMEs global competitiveness by improving access to finance and markets, supporting entrepreneurship, accelerating the growth of start-ups, strengthening capacities for business continuity and empowering our SMEs to expand to international markets and to participate in global supply chains;

c. encourage regional collaboration to facilitate trade finance for SMEs, recognizing that trade finance instruments can help facilitate trade and can support SMEs that trade internationally;

d. promote responsible innovative approaches to increase financial eligibility of the poor and SMEs and improve delivery channels to extend the benefit of financial services to those who still do not have access to the financial system, thereby enhancing financial inclusion in the region;

e. promote the crucial role of farmers and fishers, particularly small holders and women, in the achievement of food security, by strengthening their capacities, to take an important role in the supply chain, and creating a solid partnership between government and private sector;

f. advance greater collaboration among law enforcement authorities, in combating corruption, bribery, money laundering, and illicit trade, through the establishment of an APEC Network of Anti-Corruption Authorities and Law Enforcement Agencies (ACT-NET) that will strengthen informal and formal regional and cross-border cooperation; and

g. strengthen cooperation among government, scientists, and business sector to promote science, technology and innovation (STI) in the region, and value policy discussions among the Asia-Pacific’s Chief Science Advisor (CSA) and their equivalents in addressing common STI challenges.

18. We recognized that resource scarcity presents an immense challenge that limits our ability to pursue economic growth and we were mindful of the grave economic consequences of natural and human-caused disaster, particularly to the most vulnerable members of society. In response to these challenges, we will take the following steps:

a. address the nexus of water, energy and food security through the promotion of integrated policies and collaborative approaches;

b. implement the APEC Food Security Road Map Towards 2020 to enhance supply chain connectivity, achieve efficiencies, reduce post-harvest losses and waste, and improve the food system structure by 2020, to provide lasting food security to APEC economies;

c. recognize that bans and other restrictions on the export of food may cause price volatility, especially for economies that rely on imports of staple products, and we reiterate our pledge against protectionism.

d. pursue cross-sectoral work under the APEC Initiative on Mainstreaming Ocean-related Issues, including those in line with priorities outlined by our ocean-related Ministers, that will maintain the health and sustainability of our oceans and coastal resources for the benefit of food security, poverty eradication, preservation of traditional culture and knowledge, conservation of biodiversity and facilitation of trade and investment;

e. continue to build regional capacity to assist APEC economies to rationalize and phase out inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption, while recognizing the importance of providing those in need with essential energy services;

f. welcome the development of a methodology for a voluntary peer review mechanism of inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption, and welcome the initiation of economy-owned peer reviews by some economies;

g. invigorate work to develop clean and renewable energy through public-private partnership, as a promising approach to ensure sustainable investment and development of new technology, and to promote energy security and efficiency and lowering of greenhouse gas emissions, with the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) as a notable example of cross-border mechanisms used by several economies;

h. combat wildlife trafficking by enhancing international cooperation through Wildlife Enforcement Networks (WENs) and other existing mechanisms, reducing the supply of and demand for illegally traded wildlife, increasing public awareness and education related to wildlife trafficking and its impacts, and treating wildlife trafficking crimes seriously;

i. promote sustainable healthcare systems that deliver universal health coverage and emphasize promotive and preventive measures to ensure healthy and productive societies, while bearing in mind the opportunities implied in the different pace of aging among member economies;

j. engage in capacity building efforts and effective regional and global partnerships across the public and private sectors with the aim of addressing emerging infectious diseases and strengthening public health systems;

k. promote understanding on safe and effective use of traditional medicine, according to individual economies’ needs and circumstances, as it is increasingly used as a complementary and alternative medicine in certain economies, due among others to its affordability, availability, and acceptability as a part of health beliefs of our local cultures;

l. work on combating infectious diseases, including through efforts to meet the goals articulated in UNAIDS Getting to Zero 2011-2015 strategy, notably zero new HIV Infections, zero discrimination and zero HIV related deaths through targeted prevention and treatment measures, by scaling up investment and strengthening Public-Private Partnership, health care systems and community involvement; and

m. progress work to ensure ease of mobility of emergency responders and their equipment to save lives in the early aftermath of disasters, while improving cooperation in disaster risk reduction, including through the involvement of the private sector in business continuity planning.

Looking Forward

19. Recognizing the range of development levels, experiences, and systems across our economies, we reaffirm the importance of supporting our ambitious vision for a seamless and connected regional economy through our abiding commitment to delivering effective economic and technical cooperation.

20. We recognized that the economic inclusion of women is critical for business performance and economic prosperity, and in acknowledging the cross-cutting nature of women’s participation in the economy, we committed to promoting efforts to integrate gender considerations across APEC activities as a priority, including with greater private sector engagement.

21. We commend the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC) for enriching APEC’s work by means of partnership. We recognize the importance of private sector involvement in our work and we welcome further ABAC engagement.

22. We call for continued cooperation and synergy with other multilateral fora, and important regional and global institutional architecture. We encourage work that will foster complementarities and better understanding between APEC and other groups that will ensure a credible approach in solving complex challenges of our times.

23. We recognized that fostering and deepening economic integration, and creating seamless economy will make our region more resilient against the effects of internal and economic shocks. So as to move our economies up the value chain and to deliver sustainable growth and equitable economic development as envisioned in the 1994 Bogor Declaration, we instructed officials to continue to ensure that our regional economy is resilient, that our growth is inclusive, that our economies become ever more connected and that our people share equitable benefit from our secure and sustainable growth (RICES).

24. We have full confidence in the prospect of Asia-Pacific’s economic development and we are committed to playing a leading role in the global economic recovery. With the objective of achieving robust, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth in the Asia-Pacific region, we look forward to working together to build an open economy that is based on innovation, interconnected growth and shared interests. We underlined the importance of future work to promote action to change the region’s growth model and to advance economic restructuring, including but not limited to, structural reform, APEC growth strategy, urbanization, innovation, and food security.

25. We appreciated the offers of Viet Nam, Papua New Guinea, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand and Thailand to host APEC in the year 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 respectively.

26. Our enduring commitment will underwrite the peace, stability, and prosperity of the Asia Pacific. We therefore instruct our ministers and officials to pursue the work and to strengthen the economic foundation of our shared Asia-Pacific community and we look forward to reviewing further progress when we convene again during China’s hosting of APEC in 2014.

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Annex A. Promoting Connectivity

Annex B. Multi-Year Plan on Infrastructure Development and Investment